Theory X and Theory Y in management

The Train from Rhodesia Essays

The Train from Rhodesia Essays The Train from Rhodesia Paper The Train from Rhodesia Paper With Close Reference to the Following Short Stories: The Train from Rhodesia by Nadine Gordimer, The Young Couple by Ruth Prawer Jhabvala and A Stench of Kerosene by Amrita Pritam, Show How the Relationship of the Married Couples are Affected by Cultural Experiences. Explore How the Writers Use Language to Convey the Cultural Impact The Train from Rhodesia, by Nadine Gordimer, The Young Couple, by Ruth Prawer Jhabvala and A Stench of Kerosene, by Amrita Pritam, are all short stories, affected by culture. The Train from Rhodesia is a story of guilt and how culture can affect different people, however, The Young Couple is an insight of how culture can affect people differently. A Stench of Kerosene demonstrates how people can be put under pressure by culture. These three stories have many similar qualities and many different perspectives. The Young Couple is a story that starts with the two main characters, Cathy and Naraian, moving to Naraians home country. The story does not reveal much about the couples relationship initially. The story begins after the couple are married and it is obvious how happy they are. In the beginning, the couple seem completely satisfied with each other and with life, Cathy was thrilled to be going back to India with Naraian, her new husband. However, the story concludes with neither being satisfactory. At first the experience is new and exciting, They had many ideas about what Naraian could do for his country once he got back there. Questioning for the last time at the windows this line makes the reader feel as if the sculptor has to accept the measly offering of one-and-six baas for his work. The reason that the sculptor must accept this is because he does not know when there is another train and how long it will be before he can feed his family again. The husband must have been expecting this because he reached into his pocket for the money, as one automatically opens a hand to catch a thrown ball. This is yet another sign of his exploitation of the sculptors work because he had thought previously that he would eventually get the product for a price that was less than it was worth. It is also a sign of humiliation for the sculptor, and to make it worse, when he finally did manage to sell his product it was for less than half the original asking price. The husband was exploiting the sculptor and his work. He made a joke about it to his wife. In line 135 it tells the reader that the young man was shaking his head with laughter and triumph. This is a sign of his ignorance towards the culture of the country he is visiting supposedly for his honey-moon and the exploitation of the people he is around, he is taking advantage of the sculptors poverty by paying less for the sculpture than what it is worth. The idea of this shocks the young woman and infuriates her. But how could you her voice was rising and breaking with the shrill importance of anger. This surprises her husband, we know this by Good Lord, whats the matter? he sincerely thought that she would have been pleased with him. She goes mad at him for exploiting the generosity of the sculptor.

Tocquevilles View of American Government Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Tocquevilles View of American Government - Essay Example On the other hand, hyperactive pluralism asserts that the political parties deteriorate the political structure completely. Political culture means that every citizen of the country has ultimate liberty to pursue the American dream, which means acquiring various luxuries like cars, a house and so on. Political socialization is the tool through which the political culture is spread. People are politically socialized through education, laws religion and so on. Liberty is defined as the freedom of the citizens to do as they please as it is considered necessary for the happiness of all the Americans. Equality is again very important in the American culture, because all kinds of people exist in America coming from different background and class. Although, and some may be poor or rich but they become equal according to the law. Furthermore, Property is considered important as it gives a sense of safety to the society and they know that nobody will take this privilege from them. How did trocqueville describe democracy in America? How accurate do you think he was? How has democracy changed since the time of trocqueville’s visit to America? How has it remained the same? Why do you think he had such an impact on politicians through the years? Trocqueville was Frenchman who came to America in the early nineteen century to study about American people and democracy, and later wrote a book called â€Å"Democracy in America.† Tocqueville believed that American democracy is disorganized. According to him, the Americans are becoming too individualistic; hence, the American government would soon fail in satisfying the citizens. I think that looking at the situation today in America one can say that Trocqueville was quite accurate, as democracy has changed since Trocqueville’s visit to America and nothing is the same. He had a huge impact on the politicians because of his

5 Stages of Team Development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

5 Stages of Team Development - Essay Example The roles of each team are express and the leader has to marshal the team to meet the requirements of a strong team. I encountered the importance of having a strong team in my school when I had to come up with a group for a debate held in class. We were informed in advance and students were asked to make their choices based on what they felt was appropriate for increased chances of winning. To do this, I had to look for students with a common agenda and a basic understanding of the topic in discussion. The process of forming the group was challenging because people have no responsibilities outlined yet (Macionis and John, 2010). This also was a session where we have to know each other and appreciate each other’s skills as we planned on what to do after the initial stage. The process was interesting and I enjoyed knowing my friends better. While trying to fit in, the struggles experienced by groups that area still trying to fit in are noticeable, and that made it difficult to control some of the students. There were factions within the same group that wanted to take over the responsibilities while others wanted to maintain the status quo (Macionis and John, 2010). The storming stage was quite hectic and it almost broke the group apart. However, we were able to come to terms with the issues that were contentious and came up with a way of ensuring everyone was satisfied. The norming stage was characterized by the harmonization of our skills that made it easier to understand the issues taking place in the group and the best way of enhancing mutual support towards our common goal. We all wanted to win the debate, and the only way of doing this was first harmonizing the group and entrenching certain rules that would see us sharpen our skills and arguments. Developing a good team would see the next stage being more producti ve. The group’s performance was pegged

Role of Job Designs in Managing Human Resources Essay

Role of Job Designs in Managing Human Resources - Essay Example From the technological perspective, the workplace is defined through the production processes, which take place in a discrete area of production. Essentially, the hierarchy of managers, supervisors, and workers defines the workplace organizationally. The orientations of workers and managers to the particular area define the social limits of a workplace. Such a definition need not be limited to manufacturing. The workplace can also be a department in a bank or university or a school within an education system. What is important is that the work area is discrete, has some technological or production unity which marks it off from other workplaces, and it is recognized as such by workers and managers. Therefore, it is evident that the field of Human Resource Management has evolved into a strategic, technical, and measurement-oriented area in the past few years. Predictably, this field will continue to grow in sophistication and complexity as a reflection of the world in the 21st century, presenting solutions to difficult dilemmas that could affect the workplace massively. An organization's core values are manifested by its culture; that is, in the basic ways that business is handled, such as how decisions are made and how rewards are distributed. Employees learn these ways of doing business through observing co-workers and leaders. If no expectations are established and effectively communicated, employees will "make it up" as they go along when faced with ethical dilemmas. Thus, management strategies are essential in human resource management, organizational behaviour, or organizational design because it could specify its own model or framework of the key elements. In determining the appropriate job designs for a specific company, all models and theories could be deemed as one consolidated set of behavioural elements. In building the working framework, four elements had been identified to underlie most work behaviour models: 1.) Capability - The skills, knowledge and abilities necessary to execute an action associated with the objectives of the organization. 2.) Opportunity - When individuals are provided or encounter situations in which actions can be executed with the desired effect. 3.) Motivation - The drive to execute those actions, created by a perception that they are linked to desired outcomes and rewards. 4.) Understanding - Knowledge of how an individual's actions affect the system and overall goal achievement. The first three components are derived from a long research tradition suggesting that individual performance is a multiplicative function of ability and motivation (Cummings and Schwab 1973), critiques of the simple model (Campbell and Pritchard 1976) that suggest that the environment determines the expression of ability and motivation (Dachler and Mobley 1973), and recent work suggesting that situational constraints and opportunity (e.g., advances in technology and changes in the political, social, and economic environment) are key to a theory of work performance (Campbell 1999, Howard 1995, Ilgen and Pulakos 1999). The fourth component was incorporated to help describe organizational management and HRM practices. These and other human issues have the potential to "move the needle," that

ToyTime Company Management Principles

ToyTime Company Management Principles Yuhong Dai Abstract This report shows the some management problems in the ToyTime company. I will using SWOT model analyze the problem (Question 2) and I will talk about management tools: KPI and SMART principleto solving the problem in the future. (Question 3). I will also mention some of my own opinions in the end. Introduction The company in accordance with the situation in previous years want to launch new toys. However, in the process is not very smooth.They expect sales to increase by 10% this year,but because the marketing manager Jacob Marks lack of communication with the production manager McConklin so because the raw material is not enough to lead,the ToyTime company can not supply new toys on time. Body of work QUESTION 1: What management problems are apparent in the ToyTime Company? Why have these problems occurred? Are the reasons related more to planning issues or to organizing issues in the company? -First of all, the biggest management problem is that the production of new toys can not satisfy market demand,I think it is because the marketing department and the product department did not achieve a common goal .Because of the introduction of new toys and the most positive response in the last five years,so the marketing department have projected that sales will be 10% higher this year than last.However, the product department just planning to raise inventory ,they do not have more communication with the marketing department.So that the raw materials not enough and new toys production can not meet the market demand.In my opinion,ToyTime Company tend to be management planning issue rather than other functions issue. Question 2: What is likely to happen to the company this year and in future years if the problem is not resolved quickly? -In this question ,we can use the SWOT model analyzing the problem in ToyTime company .S-strengths,W-weaknesses,O-opportunities,T-threats.I will use these four ways to analyze: Strengths: 1-Innovation. 2-Popular products. 3-Popular brand. 4-More clients. Weaknesses: 1-The goal is inconsistent. 2-The supplier is single. 3-All departments lack communication Opportunities 1-New toys development. 2-Demand is big. Threats: 1-Competitor. 2-Change in customer demand. According to analysis,we can see these main issues;the supplier is single,lack communication,there maybe competitors in the future .if the company not resolved quickly,then the companys economy will fall and they will lose potential clients.This would have a serious impact on the company. Question 3: Using the management tools discussed in your course, give examples of how each could be used to help solve the companys problems. -I will using Key Performance Indicator (KPI) to help solve the companys problems. Key Performance Indicator (KPI) is a measurable value that demonstrates how effectively a company is achieving key business objectives. First of all, assign tasks in different departments and determine the performance indicators of the employee inside the department. This can strengthen employees motivation. For example, if the ToyTime company uses KPI as a management tool, firstly we suppose one goal: overall profit growth is 10%.So each department manager has to achieve a consistent goal .Marketing manager set the goal for sales growth of 10%.At the same time ,production managers are targeting a 10%increase in production.Various departments work in accordance with the unified strategic goal to help goals to achieve.And they can uses the SMART principle :S-specific means the goal must be specific.M-measurable means the goal must be measured.A-attainable means the goal must be achieved.R-relevant means the goal has to be related to other goals.T-time-based means the goal must have a clear deadline.As we know,whether it is set up by a group or a persons personal work goals they can choose the SMART principle Question 4:What would you recommend right now that can help resolve the problems being faced by ToyTime? What should it do to avoid the same type of problem in the future? I will recommend two ways :one for short-term solutions and the other for long-term solutions. The best solution in short-term : Looking for some temporary raw material suppliers,make sure the new toys are available on time. The company can hire temporary employees because work has to be done in a short time.Make sure employees work hours. The best solution in long-term: 1.The departments will communication together, set a clear goal, assign tasks and work together and they should make contingency plan in the future . 2. ToyTime company could introduce one more new toys next year to attract children . Work with advertisers and TV , get the topic . Conclusion Above all, it is suggested that the ToyTime Company can use KPI management tool to help solve the companys problems and also can be identify by the SMARTprinciple.The departments are working in one direction to achieve the companys goals. Executive Summary Teamwork is the main ingredient in a company.Communication is the most part of teamwork,communication can solve the problem and the problem in the ToyTime company are mainly the lack of communication between the various departments.If this company want to solve the problem quickly I think they need to change some management methods.KPI and SAMRT principle are very useful management tools to change management methods.But this is my personal opinion. References List https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SWOT_analysis https://www.klipfolio.com/resources/articles/what-is-a-key-performance-indicator http://wiki.mbalib.com/wiki/SMART%E5%8E%9F%E5%88%99

Lord :: essays research papers

Roman Catholic Church History: Basic Sources General Histories Thomas Bokenkotter. A Concise History of the Catholic Church (revised and expanded edition). 1990. (BX945.2 .B64 1990) William J. Collinge. Historical Dictionary of Catholicism. 1997. (Reference BX945.2 .C65 1997) Michael Glazier and Thomas J. Shelley, editors. The Encyclopedia of American Catholic History. 1997. (Reference BX1406.2 .E53 1997) J. Derek Holmes and Bernard W. Bickers. A Short History of the Catholic Church. "New Millennium Edition," 2002. (BX945.2.H63 2002) Hubert Jedin and John Dolan, editors. History of the Church. 1980 —. (Reference and Stacks BR145.2 .J413 1980) Ten volumes; volumes I, III, and IV are titled Handbook of Church History. New Catholic Encyclopedia (2nd edition). 2003. (Reference BX841 .N44 2003) Many articles on historical topics. Use the Index (Volume 15) to find where particular topics are treated. NOTE: The content of the online Catholic Encyclopedia dates from 1913. While it contains valuable historical information, readers should consult more current sources for updated scholarship. Online chronology: Dates and Events in Catholic History, 1st Century to 10th Century and 11th Century to 20th Century from the Catholic Almanac Online. Return to top Saints' Lives David Hugh Farmer. The Oxford Dictionary of Saints. 1997. (Reference BR1710 .F34 1997) Also available through Oxford Reference Online on all campus networked computers -- select "Religion and Philosophy." On the Internet: Catholic Online Saints and Angels Butler's Lives of the Saints. New Full Edition, 1995. 12 volumes, one for each month of the year. (Reference BX4654 .B8 1995) Bert Ghezzi. Voices of the Saints: A Year of Readings. 2000. (Reference BX4655.2 .G49 2000) Each brief biography includes "a substantial quotation by or about the saint, giving you a feel for what he or she was really like" (Introduction). Ferdinand Holbà ¶ck. Married Saints and Blesseds Through the Centuries. 2002. (Reference BX4655.3 .H6413 2002) Kathleen Jones. Women Saints: Lives of Faith and Courage. 1999. (Reference BX4656 .J66 1999) Richard P. McBrien. Lives of the Saints: from Mary and St. Francis of Assisi to John XXIII and Mother Teresa. 2001. (Reference BX4655.3 .M33 2001) In addition to the lives of holy women and men (both canonized and uncanonized), this volume includes articles on the politics of canonization and the differences between various schools of Christian spirituality. Joseph N. Tylenda, S.J. Jesuit Saints and Martyrs. Second edition, 1998. (Reference and Stacks BX3755 .T94 1998) Kenneth L. Woodward. Making Saints: How the Catholic Church Determines Who Becomes a Saint, Who Doesn't, and Why.