Management of Technology in Organization Assignment

Management of Technology in Organization - Assignment Example The sources of change can be categorized in two main criteria; internal and external sources. These sources are the factors that prove to become the driving forces for change in any organization. Lunenburg (2010) explained that internal sources are the factors that emerge from within the organization and stimulate a change. Few internal sources of change can be downsizing, restructuring the organizational hierarchy to achieve greater efficiency and introduction of new technological systems and processes. External sources of change are the ones that affect the organization from the external environment. Such sources include government laws and regulations, adoption of latest technological systems by the competitors, economic changes in the environment etc. Gomes (2009) stated that there might be different nature of changes in an organization, namely structural, technological, strategic and people-centered changes in an organization. Technological change may include the introduction of newer systems and replacement of the old conventional forms of business operations with innovative technologies. Strategic changes may include a shift in strategies that may include downsizing, relocations, changes in the hierarchy of the organization etc. People centered changes may involve the replacement of a CEO with another one; such changes may involve changes in mode of business operations and execution of tasks since the new management will possess a different vision. Introduction of changes in an organization bears great obstacles and hindrances before it becomes a part of the system and people accept it in their routine business operations. Agboola (2011) stated that resistance to changes is one of the most common obstacles in the transition phase. Employee’s attitudes, behaviour and emotions tend to have an impact on the change being introduced in the organization. Lunenburg (2010) explained the Lewin’s model of change

Intercultural Differences Essay Example for Free

Intercultural Differences Essay Recognizing cultural differences when you write or speak with someone from another culture, you encode your message using the assumptions of your own culture. Members of your audience decode the message relating to the assumptions of their culture. So your meaning may be misunderstood. The greater the difference between cultures, the greater the chance for misunderstanding. Cultural differences are listed in four categories: Contextual, Legal and Ethical, Social, and Nonverbal. Cultural context is the pattern of physical cues, environmental stimuli, and implicit understanding that conveys meaning between members of the same culture. High context cultures encourage lengthy decision making, concentrating on everything detail, and avoids confrontation and debate. Whereas low-context cultures emphasize quick, efficient decisions on major points while leaving the details to be worked out later and encourages open disagreement. Cultural context also influences legal and ethical behavior. Legal systems differ from culture to culture the high context cultures views laws as being more flexible, low-context tend to value written agreements and interpret laws strictly.. Ethical choices can be even more complicated when communicating across cultures. Keep your messages ethical by actively seeking mutual ground exchanging messages without judgement, sending messages that are honest, and showing respect for cultural differences. Social differences there are four types among cultures. In any culture etiquette play a major part. Formal rules of etiquette are explicit and well defined, but informal rules are learned through observation and imitation. When informal rules are violated members of the culture are likely to feel uncomfortable, they may not be able to say exactly why. Attitudes toward materialism people from the United States emphasize hard work, material success, and efficiency more than many people in other countries do. Roles and status, respect and rank are reflected differently from culture to culture and in their working environment. Use of manners the rules of polite behavior vary from country to country. Concepts of time, although businesspeople in the United States, Germany, and some other nations see  time as a way to organize the business day efficiently, other cultures see time as more flexible. Nonverbal differences is extremely reliable when determining meaning, but that reliability is valid only when communicators belong to the same culture. The simplest of hand gestures can change from culture to culture. Interpreting nonverbal elements according to your own culture can be dangerous the elements are apparent in attitudes toward personal space and in body language. Concept of personal space for example people in Canada and the united States stand about five feet apart during a business conversation. Use of Body Language gestures of a culture clarify confusing messages, but differences in body language can be a major source of misunderstanding during intercultural conversation. For example, during our negotiations and weve finally closed the deal the Chinese representative from this company says yes to everything and seems as if shes agreeable to our terms. I share the information with my boss and he doesnt seem very excited. Why isnt he excited? The word yes may not always mean yes in other cultures it may mean to say yes to confirm they have heard or understood something , but not necessarily to indicate they agree with it.. Youll seldom get a direct no . Some of the ways that other cultures say no indirectly include It will be difficult, I will ask my supervisor, Im not sure, We will think about it , and Im not sure. When communicating across cultures, your effectiveness depends on maintaining an open mind.Stereotyping is the attempt to categorize individuals by trying to predict their behavior or character on the basis of their membership or a particular group. Move beyond stereotypes to relationships with real people. You can achieve this by acknowledging distinctions, avoiding assumptions, and avoiding judgements. Works Cited: Business Communication Today Chp III 52-63 http://www.vcsun.org/~battias/class/356/olm/9.html http://www.highbeam.com/library/doc0.asp?docid=1G1:19488131refid=ink_overture_hlth

Monetary Model and Value Elasticity of Demand

Monetary Model and Value Elasticity of Demand A monetary model is a revised depiction of reality, planned to yield hypotheses about budgetary lead that can be attempted. A basic part of a budgetary model is that it is generally subjective in diagram in light of the way that there are no objective measures of fiscal outcomes. Assorted money related investigators will make particular judgments about what is relied upon to illuminate their illustrations of reality. A money related model is enhanced framework for clearing up the workings of the economy. It exhibits the prepare of driving the modeler to formally clarify doubts and urge out associations behind those suppositions. Models are used for two basic purposes: reproducing (e.g. by what means may the world change concerning some counterfactual if we expect an alteration in either consider) Reasons of monetary model disappointment Every single budgetary model, paying little regard to how got, are subjective approximations of reality wanted to clear up watched contemplates. It takes after that the models gages must be tempered by the haphazardness of the significant information it plans to enlighten and by the genuineness of the speculations used to choose its conditions. No cash related model can be a faultless depiction of reality. Regardless, the very strategy for making, testing, and invigorating models powers cash related masters and policymakers to settle their perspectives about how an economy limits. This consequently advances astute open thought over what drives fiscal lead and what ought to (or ought not) be done to regulate expose dissatisfactions. Focal points of monetary model On a central level, key good conditions of a ubiquity based alliance join (1) more proficient game-plan and development of open associations adjusted to the differing attributes of tenant and ordinary inclinations (2) better course of action of the expenses and purposes of enthusiasm of government for an alternate citizenry and in this manner more significant regard, seeing that subjects get what they pay for and pay for what they get (3) better fits between open things and their spatial properties, particularly the variable economies of size of various open stock Conclusion Monetary models use past information and tries to figure future. It just works at some point, so instead of estimating or foreseeing, government ought to concentrate on current situation and attempt to improve it Most of the financial models accept ceteris paribus condition which is impractical. For effortlessness, financial matters utilizes 2 parties: like 2 nations, or two individuals, or request side and supply side, however quite are parcels and bunches of different gatherings that effect any monetary conduct. Along these lines, monetary models might misdirect. For the most part, cash supply and different strategies of this current year depends on cash supply of a year ago. At the point when tremor hit us we were totally helpless regarding economy. Something are more essential than however cant be seen on paper. Government utilizes gigantic spending plan to discover information about destitution rate and even gives things. In any case, on the off chance that they attempt to give professional preparing to destitute individuals instead of giving them gifts, one day gifts would not be fundamental. Question 2 Value Elasticity of Demand (PED or Ed) is a measure used as a piece of money related perspectives to show the responsiveness, or adaptability, of the sum asked for of a not too bad or organization to a conformity in its cost, more precisely, it gives the rate change in sum asked for in light of a one percent change in cost. Value flexibilities are regularly negative, regardless of the way that specialists tend to disregard the sign notwithstanding the way this can provoke to instability. Just items which dont fit in with the law of enthusiasm, for instance, Veblen and Giffen stock, have a positive PED. All around, the enthusiasm for an average is said to be inelastic (or decently inelastic) when the PED is shy of what one (in incomparable regard) that is, changes in cost have a for the most part little effect on the measure of the immense asked. Value versatility of interest for tobacco items Why people diminish smoking in light of additions in the cost of tobacco things has included some guess. However there is most likely they do. How much enthusiasm for tobacco things responds to changes in cost is a test question, the reaction to which can be found by measuring designs in use as expenses and other huge components change. In 1999, a World Bank review contemplated that, all else being identical, taken a toll climbs of around 10% would overall reduce tobacco usage by around 4% in made countries and around 8% in making nations. The review coordinated by the International Agency for Research on Cancer appropriated in 2011 contemplated that audits on the impact of cost additions on aggregate demand in high pay countries all things considered find esteem adaptability of about-0.4, with most gages from the US and UK falling in a by and large point of confinement go between-0.2 and -0.6.7 . Estimation of value flexibilities of interest for liquor Interest for liquor is affected by an arrangement of factors other than cost, for instance, pay, allowing controls, social and real factors, among others. Concerning, the current written work clearly suggests that the demand twist for blended beverages, both solely and all things considered, slants plunging and that enthusiasm for alcohol is for the most part inelastic, with 0.5 being represented by general meta-thinks about, for instance, Gallet (2007) and Wagenaar et al (2009). Most examinations of value versatility of interest for alcohol have irrefutably based on ownprice adaptability gages for the three key sorts of blended refreshments mix, wine and spirits without refinement between the on-and the off-trade. In spite of, concentrates that have allowed for different usage responses in the on-and off-trade Huang (2003), Collis et al (2010), Meng et al (2014) at the University of Sheffield have watched them to be exceptionally specific for most alcohols sorts. Conclusion Showcase economies are relied upon to have various buyers and vendors, high competition and many substitutes. Imposing business models depict wanders in which the supplier chooses expenses and high obstacles shield any contenders from entering the market. Oligopolies are endeavors with two or three related associations. Perfect contention addresses an economy with various associations battling with each other for purchaser interest and advantages. References 1) Farrelly M and Bray J. Reaction to increments in cigarette costs by race/ethnicity, wage, and age groups-United States 2) Chambers, M. (1999). Buyers request and extract obligation receipts conditions for liquor, tobacco, petrol and DERV, Government Economic Service Working Paper, HM Treasury.

Evaluative Analysis of Interview Essay -- Sociology, Social Workers

This essay is going to analyse and evaluate an interview between a service user (actor) and a social worker (myself) in regards to the use of communication skills and the theoretical framework that underpins those skills. Firstly, the essay is going to look into definitions of communication skills and secondly we will analyse the interview interaction and relevant communication theories. According to Trevithick (2005, p 116) ‘good communication skills, particularly listening and interviewing skills lie at the heart of social work practice’. Barker (2003, p83, cited in Trevithick 2005, p 116) defines communication as ‘the verbal and non verbal exchange of information, including all the ways in which knowledge is transmitted and received’. Moreover, the National Occupational Standards for Social Work (NOSSW, 2002) stipulate that communication skills are an essential requirement for social work practice / social workers. Wilson et al (2008, p297) further argue that effective communication is underpinned by fundamental skills such as ‘the ability to demonstrate empathy, respect and authenticity’. Looking at the above evidence, it could be argued that effective communication/ communication skills is an essential social work tool. This essay is now going to analyse relevant communication skills that were /could be used in the intervie w assessment/ exercise. Trevithick, (2005, p144-145) argue that interview preparation is essential in order to identify the needs and / or expectations of all parties involved. Prior to the interview I was given a scenario which described in detail the background of a service user, Michelle, and the issues that needed to be addressed. Michele’s girlfriend, Charlie had suffered a stroke and was recovering ... ...ace’. Egan (2010, p131) argues that empathic response can be very comforting when accompanied of body language which Egan (2010) refers to as ‘visibly tuning in’. Furthermore, Wilson et al (2008, p298) argue that in order to become emotionally attuned the interviewer should pay close attention to the service user’s verbal and body language. The final part of the interview focused on Egan’s second stage: ‘The preferred picture’. In this stage, the ‘counsellor helps clients to explore and chose possibilities for a better future’. Egan (2010, p75). It could be argued that due to time constraints we could not explore this stage in depth although we managed to identify and focus on one of Michelle’s main concern. Michelle said that she was worried about their future in terms of finances and how they would cope if Charlie was not able to go back to work in the future.

Famine, Affluence, and Morality Essay

Whilst reading Singers ideas of a global village in which a person is obligated to aid someone in need regardless of proximity, has moral bearing, but also portrays a rather one sided view of what we consider as â€Å"helping† other starving nations in need. For example, approximately 1 in 8 Americans live below the poverty line, in saying this; the question comes to mind, why we should be concerned with poverty in other nations without first worrying about our own problems. When presented with Singers views concerning helping other third world nations and the guilty spirit he implies through his article, it is imperative that the reader not get so wrapped up into what’s best for the global community and start thinking what’s best for each sovereign nation. I do not fully disagree with the points presented by Peter Signer, but, I feel that industrialized nations such as America are facing their own problems that must be resolved first before we can start worrying about other nations. For example, American families are being forced to pay interest on a debt that was created out of thin air, by this I am referring to the current economic institution known as the Federal Reserve which has been a â€Å"thorn† in the side of every taxpaying American, it was the federal reserve act of 1913, which would force the American people into Inflation, Deflation, never ending debt, slavery, and bondage through money created out of thin air and sold to the treasury, at interest, for its bonds, which are guaranteed by the American taxpayer. According to the Human poverty index, the United States ranked 16th, which is one rank below the United Kingdom (Thoren & Warner, pg. 23). I feel these problems should be solved first, before we concern ourselves with what is happening with other countries around the world. Whilst arguing what I feel will be of the most benefit to the country in which I live, I feel that once these problems are solved, it would be wise to help other nations, not just because of the business relationships that could develop through such processes, but also because of the global image such feats would produce. For example, during World War two, America developed a weapon that’s strength was unknown until its time, the Atomic Bomb. The Atomic Bomb was dropped on Hiroshima in 1945, and in an effort to reduce tension between the United States and those notions within the region of Hiroshima, the United States helped rebuild Hiroshima. The point in all this being that by helping other nations the United States can acquire new allies and develop lasting business relationships. Furthermore, Peter Singer claims that although there is a common distinction between duty and supererogation, this does not justify such a distinction. I feel that it is morally right to contribute to those nations which are less fortunate than we are, but this view of morality must be in accordance with a moral code the ordinary man can relate to. For instance, the ordinary man, being asked to do things he/she considers unnecessary, could result in a general breakdown of compliance amongst the citizens of that particular country. As stated earlier, there must be a balance between the amount of aid we permit other countries to have, and the amount of aid we give ourselves. How can one nation help another, if that nation is suffering from the same conditions? It is imperative to the survival of America that its economic system is sound, and its industry provides enough decent paying jobs for its citizens. Considering Americas current situation, I strongly feel that certain major problems, such as unemployment and the country’s economic system should be the first priority, then helping other countries in need would be the second most important priority. Singer’s article contains many parallels with the pervious viewpoints discussed, on page six he state â€Å"We ought to be preventing as much suffering as we can without sacrificing something else of comparable value (Singer, pg 5).† This statement contains much wisdom. Singers view point considering those citizens who have accumulated extraordinary amounts of wealth, and the need for them to give there surplus wealth to the less fortunate closely resembles the theology of many religious institutions. While although I believe that those citizens that are more fortunate than others should be more swayed to donate an amount greater than those individuals who are less fortunate, I do not believe they should be obligated to do so. If those individuals, who worked hard, and accumulated an extraordinary, amount of wealth, were forced to donate more than those who are less fortunate, the system itself would be incredibly flawed. Many people forget that many of those individuals who have accumulated vast amounts of wealth did so through running a successful business, which, in some instances, employs a great number of people. When forcing such individuals to donate more, employee wages could be affected. In conclusion, while I do not agree with every point made by Mr. Peter Singer, I feel that helping developing nations is an essential aspect in developing peaceful relationships amongst nations. Furthermore, it is essential that citizens involved in helping developing countries should not be forced to pay more than they can afford without reducing their standard of living. It is imperative that underdeveloped nations receive the help needed, but also the citizens contributing to those nations donate an amount that can be agreed upon. References Thoren & Warner. The Truth in Money Book. Chagrin Falls: Ohio, 1986 Signer, Peter. Famine, Affluence, and Morality. Philosophy and Public Affairs 1972

The 9 Best Places to Do Community Service

The 9 Best Places to Do Community Service SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Community service is a great way to help others, as well give you valuable skills and experiences.There are a lot of ways to get involved in community service, and choosing the best place to volunteer your time can be difficult. Our guide gives examples of some of the top places to do community service, as well as steps to help you decide which place is best for you. What Is Community Service and Why Should You Participate in It? Community service is work done by a person or group of people that benefits others. It is often done near the area where you live, so your own community reaps the benefits of your work.You do not get paid to do community service, but you can include your experience on your resume and college applications. There are many benefits to participating in community service; some of the most common are listed below: Gives you an opportunity to help others Helps you gain experience and new skills Helps improve your community Chance to make new friends Can cause personal growth How Can You Decide Where to Do Community Service? There is no community service location or activity that is â€Å"best† for everyone.You should decide where to perform community service based on your interests and skills, as well as your community’s demand for volunteers. Ask yourself the following questions: What Do I EnjoyDoing? Do you like working with kids? You may want to consider volunteering at a school. Are you an animal lover? Maybe a local shelter is the best place for your community service.Doing something you like will make your community service more enjoyable, and make it more likely for you to continue volunteering. What Kind of Career Do I Want? It’s not a requirement, but if your community service helps you get skills needed for future jobs, that’s an added bonus that will give you extra motivation as you volunteer.For example, if you want to be a doctor, you may consider doing community service at a hospital or nursing home. Which Problems Do I Want to Help Solve? Are you concerned about the environment? Animal cruelty? Education standards?Chances are you’ll be able to find a community service project related to an issue you care about. Which Places in My Community Are Important to Me? When I was a teenager, I chose to do community service at my local library because I had spent many afternoons there while growing up. Participating in the library’s summer reading program as a child had led to my love of reading, so when I got older, I felt good about volunteering for the program and helping other kids learn to love books.If there is a particular place in your community that’s important to you, whether it’s a park you played at as a child or the nursing home where your grandfather lives, performing community service there lets you show your gratitude and appreciation. Where Can You Find Ways to Participate in Community Service? Your School If you are a student, see if your school has any clubs for people interested in performing community service; many highs schools have a volunteering organization or something similar. Your Community Center This is wherever your community posts notices and information. It could be at a town hall, community meeting place, or on your town’s website.In addition to other information about your community, people and places looking for volunteers will often post notices here. Places Where You'd Like to Volunteer If you have a specific place where you’d like to perform community service, such as a nursing home or animal shelter, contact them and ask if they take volunteers. Online Sometimes a simple internet search can get you numerous volunteer opportunities. Search â€Å"community service ideas near [your town]† and see what comes up. The 9 Best Places to Do Community Service Below is a list of the most common places to perform community service. Each place has a brief description, examples of work you might perform as a volunteer and suggestions for the types of people who might be most interested in performing community service there. Hospitals Hospitals are often in need of volunteers for a variety of activities, and while you probably won’t start off with a lot of responsibility, if you volunteer at the same hospital for an extended period of time, you will likely be given more duties that you may be able to tailor to your interests. Examples of work:Delivering gifts to patients, interacting and playing with young patients, stocking medical supplies, and transporting patients to different rooms. Good for people who:are considering a career in the medical field, enjoy fast-paced work, and aren’t squeamish around illness. Schools Schools are one of the most popular places to perform community service, and many are in frequent need of volunteers. You can volunteer at your own school, a school you used to attend, or a different school. Examples of work:Tutoring students, chaperoning events, creating school murals, and supervising after-school programs. Good for people who:like working with children or teenagers, are creative, enjoy teaching, or are considering a career in education. Animal Shelters Animal shelters often have small budgets and a large number of animals who need to find homes, requiring many of them to need volunteers so that they can maximize the number of pets they care for. Examples of work:Feeding animals, cleaning cages, providing basic veterinary care, walking dogs, and interviewing potential owners. Good for people who:enjoy spending time with animals or are considering a career in animal care. Nursing Homes Many nursing homes and retirement communities rely on volunteers to keep residents active and organize fun events. Examples of work: Reading to or interacting with residents, hosting events like dances and bingo nights, and assisting residents with daily activities. Good for people who: enjoy spending time with senior citizens, are considering a career in health care, or have an outgoing personality. Food Banks Food banks, also known as soup kitchens or food depositories, are places where people can donate food that is then given to homeless or low-income people. Food banks provide several billion meals a year, and they rely on volunteers to continue their work reducing hunger. Some also grow their own food and serve meals on-site. Examples of work: Sorting food donations, organizing food drives, and delivering meals. Good for people who:enjoy cooking or gardening, don't need a lot of interaction with their beneficiaries or enjoy helping the poor as a social issue. Places of Worship Churches, synagogues, and other places of worship regularly have opportunities for community service. These activities can be related to the religion and spreading its message, but other times they are completely secular. Examples of work: Participating in mission trips, building houses, collecting donations, and teaching a religion class for children. Good for people who:enjoy their place of worship's sense of community or are interested in spreading their religion’s message. Libraries Your local library probably has multiple options for community service. Demand tends to be particularly high in the summer when more families visit and participate in library programs. Examples of work: Helping with a summer reading program, organizing donated books, helping with office work, and greeting and assisting patrons. Good for people who:enjoy reading, like working with children, or are good at organizing things. Museums Museums often need volunteers, and they can be a great place to do community service because you can choose a museum that focuses on your interests, whether that’s art, history, or something else. Examples of work:Cataloging specimens, leading tours, greeting guests, and assisting at special events. Good for people who:enjoy teaching, are interested in the museum’s exhibits, or are considering a career in the museum’s focus, such as natural history or art. Parks or Natural Areas Many natural areas are in need of volunteers as well. These places can range from a famous national park to the small playground down the street. Examples of work: Planting trees, collecting trash, designing gardens, creating new walking paths, and collecting data on wildlife. Good for people who:are interested in the environment or enjoy being outdoors. Note that these ideas are just starting points- definitely think about your own interests, research the options, and then branch out to find a really good fit! What's Next? Thinking about doing community service in a foreign country? Read our guide on whether you should participate in a volunteer abroad program. Do you want to know more about community service in general? Read our guide on what community service is, how it benefits you, and how to start getting involved. Wondering how your community service can help you apply to college? We have a guide that explains how to write about your extracurriculars on college applications.